I’ve mentioned before that my son is autistic with a PDA profile. PDA stands for pathological demand avoidance. There is push within the autism community to change the name to pervasive drive for autonomy. Aside from the fact that the term pathological demand avoidance is just plain stigmatizing, the reason for the proposed change is that the new name reflects what is really going on, a pervasive drive for autonomy.

People with PDA have a nervous system that becomes activated, i.e. they go into fight/flight/freeze, anytime there is a perceived loss of autonomy. Loss of autonomy is perceived as a threat to their life. This drive for autonomy outweighs all of their other survival drives and can make it difficult (if not impossible at times) for them to access survival needs like eating or sleep. This can look like demand avoidance but that is not the only way that it presents. At this point, I don’t think anyone really knows why this is, only that it is. What I know for sure, is that PDA children are intensely sensitive beings.

My sister and I were talking about this the other day. We were talking about how difficult it can be parenting a child with PDA because of their intense sensitivity. Casey from At Peace Parents says that in every interaction with your PDA child, you are either accommodating or activating their nervous system. Knowing my son the way that I do, I believe this is 100% accurate. Because of this, there is a need to think about what you’re doing in any interaction with your child in a way that a parent of a typical child would not have to. In what way should I phrase what I’m about to say to my child so that I don’t send him into fight or flight? Is what he is asking for doable? Who is involved? Are there any issues of safety? Do I have the energy to accommodate him? If I don’t, will he end up in a meltdown that requires more energy from me? And so on.

My sister and I were talking about this and how with as difficult as it can be, I am so glad that I am his mom. I came to parenting with the idea that children deserve respect and autonomy. I was able to see my son’s struggle as just that, struggle, not misbehavior and have been willing to do my best to accommodate him and learn what he needs from birth. This is not easy and it isn’t made any easier by the general view of how children should be parented in this society and the gross misunderstanding of PDA and autism in general. I practice low demand parenting. Many people, not understanding the PDA nervous system and it’s needs, mistake this as permissive parenting, AKA being a pushover. I’d like to give you an example from my life in order to illustrate what parenting a PDA child can look like in action.

My son likes cheesebread. He likes cheesebread from pizza places and he also likes to make it with his dad. My parents had ordered pizza and cheesebread the other day, so he has had cheesebread for breakfast the past few days. Yes, he eats cheesebread for breakfast. Alongside of it, he will have strawberry milk (a nutrition replacement shake), or his juice (multivitamin/magnesium/minerals) and fruit. This is the only way he will eat, at all… If he has his cheesebread.

He ate the last of it yesterday. He knew this but was not feeling ok with it. Last night, while getting him to sleep, he was insisting that he have cheesebread when we woke up. I explained that we didn’t have any. That if he wanted cheesebread, he would have to make some with Daddy. There were tears but we managed to get to sleep.

This morning, the first and only thing he would talk about was cheesebread. I’m not sure how to explain this in a way that will make sense to someone who isn’t in the situation, someone who doesn’t understand. He knew and understood that there was no cheesebread. He was upset about it but the lack of cheesebread wasn’t the problem. The problem was that he wasn’t able to choose what he wanted for breakfast. That I was telling him not only that he couldn’t have it but that if he wanted it, he had to make it. That I was telling him anything at all. His perception was that he had no autonomy in this situation and that is a threat to his survival.

He became withdrawn and wouldn’t talk, other than to say cheesebread and then began to follow me everywhere. Not demanding cheesebread. We had discussed it many times (“I’m sorry buddy. I know you really want cheesebread. If I could I would give you some. The only way that I know you get cheesebread is to make it”), he was following me because he felt unsafe and would feel that way until something gave him the feeling of having a sense of autonomy.

Other than the following of myself, this came out in what is described as equalizing behavior. Anything I did, he needed to do the opposite. I turned the TV down. He had to turn it up (he couldn’t figure out how so he muted it and watched it without sound). I got him water, he needed it in a different cup….

The thing is, he was hungry. He wanted to eat breakfast. We had other food he likes and did want but he could not let himself eat it until he felt safely autonomous. This autonomy occurred because while he was insisting that there was cheesebread in the fridge, I told him that I couldn’t find it, I needed him to find it for me. I told him that when he found it I would make it for him. We went and looked in the fridge. There was obviously no cheesebread. I asked where it was and he pointed to his juice that I had already mixed up. I gave it to him and everyone is referring to it as cheesebread(honestly, while we this was happening, I felt an immense sense of relief at finding a solution but also an acute sense of terror that someone might accidentally refer to this “cheesebread” as juice. Why? I know the consequence could be him stopping eating ask together or because his nervous system is experiencing distress around food, he’ll go back to being hypersensitive with food which causes him to vomit often. These are things that are always going through my mind). This freed him to be able to ask for what he actually wanted for breakfast… cornbread with honey and strawberry milk.

I don’t know if this is helpful in any way. I’m aware that you may read it and only see a spoiled brat with a permissive mother. I can only assure that that isn’t the case. Or maybe you’re scratching your head and saying but isn’t that just normal young child behavior… Young children are known for being demanding, after all. Again, I assure that is not the case. This behavior is pervasive. It is in all interactions, all of the time. My son is the sweetest boy you’ll ever meet but you can’t always see that. My son, once comfortable with you (because he is high making otherwise) will argue with everything you say because being told something, even if he asked you to tell him, is perceived as a loss of autonomy. It is a threat. My son, and other PDA children feel as if under almost constant threat. All I ask is that you keep an open mind and be gentle with them. And while you’re at it, be gentle with their caregivers and, you know, maybe give us the benefit of the doubt. We do know our children.